Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Adult Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder: A Case Report
Abstract views: 202
/ 
PDF downloads: 88
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13294065Keywords:
adult ADHD, attention deficit, cognitive behavioural therapy, hyperactivity, impulsivityAbstract
Symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) typically begin in childhood but often persist into adulthood. The present study examined adult ADHD. Symptoms such as attention problems, impulsivity, sleep disturbances, and hyperactivity are observed in most cases. Besides biological and genetic factors, environmental stimuli also play a role in the emergence of the disorder. In this study, a 20-year-old female client who met the criteria for ADHD according to DSM-V was treated within the cognitive-behavioural therapy framework. The client sought therapy particularly after the onset of certain symptoms, notably during the period of university entrance exams. The content of the sessions is sequentially described in the research. To enhance the effectiveness of therapy during these sessions, resources such as the Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, Therapy Goals Form, and Automatic Thoughts Exam Form were utilized. In addition to these, the client was given various assignments to promote insight. The client's core beliefs and automatic thoughts were compiled into a table. Following the acquisition of sufficient coping strategies and learning to utilize strong internal resources, a farewell session was conducted, and the sessions were concluded.
References
Aaron T. Beck, Cognitive therapy: Nature and relation to behavior therapy, Behavior Therapy, Volume 1, Issue 2, 1970, Pages 184-200, ISSN 0005-7894
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(70)80030-2.
American Psychiatric Association. (1968). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (2nd ed.).
American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed.).
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.).
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.).
https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
American Psychological Association. (n.d.). Psychotherapy. APA dictionary of psychology. 15 Aralık 2023,
https://dictionary.apa.org/psychotherapy
Barkley RA, Peters H. The earliest reference to ADHD in the medical literature? Melchior Adam Weikard's description in 1775 of "attention deficit" (Mangel der Aufmerksamkeit, Attentio Volubilis). 2012 Nov;16(8):623-30.
doi: 10.1177/1087054711432309.
Barkley, R. A. (2015). History of ADHD. In R. A. Barkley (Ed.), Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment (4th ed., pp. 3–50). The Guilford Press.
Canela, Carlos & Buadze, Ana & Dube, Anish & Eich, Dominique & Liebrenz Rosenstock, Michael. (2017). Skills and compensation strategies in adult ADHD – A qualitative study.
Cooper, M., Hammerton, G., Collishaw, S., Langley, K., Thapar, A., Dalsgaard, S., … Riglin, L. (2018). Investigating late-onset ADHD: a population cohort investigation. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry.
doi:10.1111/jcpp.12911
Coşkun, F., Tamam, L., & Demirkol, M. E. (2020). Erişkin Tip Dikkat Eksikliği ve Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu’nda Kronotip ve Klinik Özellikler. Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 47(2), 312-323. https://doi.org/10.5798/dicletip.755717
Ellis, A. (1955). New approaches to psychotherapy techniques. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 11(3), 207–260.
Faraone, S. V., Banaschewski, T., Coghill, D., Zheng, Y., Biederman, J., Bellgrove, M. A., … Manor, I. (2021). The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 128, 789–818. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.022
Freitag, C. M., Hänig, S., Schneider, A., Seitz, C., Palmason, H., Retz, W., & Meyer, J. (2011). Biological and psychosocial environmental risk factors influence symptom severity and psychiatric comorbidity in children with ADHD. Journal of Neural Transmission, 119(1), 81–94.
doi:10.1007/s00702-011-0659-9
Fuermaier, A.B.M., Tucha, L., Butzbach, M. et al. ADHD at the workplace: ADHD symptoms, diagnostic status, and work-related functioning. J Neural Transm 128, 1021–1031 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-021-02309-z
Gerhand, Sina, and Christopher W. N. Saville. “ADHD Prevalence in the Psychiatric Population.” International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice 26, no. 2 (2022): 165–77. doi:10.1080/13651501.2021.1914663.
Gregory W Mattingly, Joshua Wilson & Anthony L Rostain (2017) A clinician’s guide to ADHD treatment options, Postgraduate Medicine, 129:7, 657-666, DOI:10.1080/00325481.2017.1354648
Hofmann SG, Asnaani A, Vonk IJ, Sawyer AT, Fang A. The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Review of Meta-analyses. Cognit Ther Res. 2012 Oct 1;36(5):427-440.
doi: 10.1007/s10608-012-9476-1.
Lange, K.W., Reichl, S., Lange, K.M. et al. The history of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. ADHD Atten Def Hyp Disord 2, 241–255 (2010).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12402-010-0045-8
Nigg, J. T., Sibley, M. H., Thapar, A., & Karalunas, S. L. (2020). Development of ADHD: Etiology, Heterogeneity, and Early Life Course. Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, 2(1). doi:10.1146/annurev-devpsych-060320-093413
Nimmo-Smith V, Merwood A, Hank D, et al. Non-pharmacological interventions for adult ADHD: a systematic review. Psychological Medicine. 2020;50(4):529-541. doi:10.1017/S0033291720000069
Özaslan, T. U., & Bilaç, Ö. (2015). Dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu epidemiyolojisi. Turkiye Klinikleri J Child Psychiatry-Special Topics, 1(1), 1-5.
Özbay, A., & Kayhan, Z. (2024). DİKKAT EKSİKLİĞİ VE HİPERAKTİVİTE BOZUKLUĞUNUN (DEHB) NEDENLERİ VE TEDAVİ YÖNTEMLERİ. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 23(89), 394-406.
https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.1283141
Özcan, Ö., & Çelik, G. G. (2017). Bilişsel davranışçı terapi. Türkiye Klinikleri, 3(2), 115-120.
ÖZDEL, K., KART, A., & TÜRKÇAPAR, M. H. (2021). Bipolar Bozukluk Tedavisinde Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi. Archives of Neuropsychiatry/Noropsikiatri Arsivi, 58.
Polanczyk G, de Lima MS, Horta BL, Biederman J, Rohde LA. The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164(6):942–948
Polanczyk, Guilherme & Jensen, Peter. (2008). Epidemiologic Considerations in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Review and Update. Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America. 17. 245-60, vii. 10.1016/j.chc.2007.11.006.
Rabito-Alcon MF, Correas-Lauffer J. Treatment guidelines for attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder: a critical review. Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2014;42(6):315–324.
Ramsay, J. Russell. “Cognitive Interventions Adapted to Adult ADHD.” American Psychological Association, 2020, pp. 63–86. Helping Clients Turn Intentions Into Actions, http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1chrw91.8.
Ramsay, J. Russell. “Common Issues in Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Adult ADHD.” American Psychological Association, 2020, pp. 87–124. Helping Clients Turn Intentions Into Actions, http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv1chrw91.9.
Reimherr FW, Roesler M, Marchant BK, Gift TE, Retz W, Philipp-Wiegmann F, Reimherr ML. Types of Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Replication Analysis. J Clin Psychiatry. 2020 Mar 17;81(2):19m13077.
doi: 10.4088/JCP.19m13077. PMID: 32220152.
Rofiah, K., Kossewska, J., & Ashar, M. N. (2021). The Implementation of CBT to Reduce Hyperactive Behaviors among Adolescents with ADHD. International Journal of Online & Biomedical Engineering, 17(12).
Salari, N., Ghasemi, H., Abdoli, N. et al. The global prevalence of ADHD in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ital J Pediatr 49, 48 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-023-01456-1
Soylu C, Topaloğlu C. Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapide Ev Ödevi Uygulamaları. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar- Current Approaches in Psychiatry. July 2015;7(3):280-288.
Tuğlu C, Şahin ÖÖ. Erişkin Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu: Nörobiyoloji, Tanı Sorunları ve Klinik Özellikler. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Mart 2010;2(1):75-116.
TÜRKÇAPAR M, SARGIN A (2012). Bilişsel Davranışçı Psikoterapiler: Tarihçe ve Gelişim., 7- 14.
Tycho J. Dekkers, Erik de Water, Anouk Scheres, Impulsive and risky decision-making in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): The need for a developmental perspective. Current Opinion in Psychology, Volume 44, 2022, Pages 330-336, ISSN 2352-250X,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.11.002.
Young, Z., Moghaddam, N., & Tickle, A. (2020). The Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adults With ADHD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Journal of Attention Disorders, 24(6), 875-888. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054716664413
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 IKSAD JOURNAL
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The journal is licensed under a 