IKSAD JOURNAL

Risk Assessment and Control Activities in Three Different Pharmacy Businesses in Kayseri Province

Fri, 14 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0300

One of the working environments that pose a significant risk to the health and safety of employees is pharmacies, which are healthcare institutions. Insured employees in pharmacies face physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, environmental and psychosocial hazards and risks in the working environment. On the other hand, these risks cause a decrease in the productivity of pharmacy employees and increase work accidents and occupational diseases. This negatively affects the safety of both pharmacy employees and patients. Therefore, in order to create a healthy and safe working environment, it is important to create a suitable working environment within the framework of occupational health and safety legislation.

In the study, the hazards identified as a result of the observations and controls carried out on three different pharmacies and the risk elements that may arise from these hazards were determined through the checklists published by the ministry, and necessary studies were carried out on the current situations.

Examining the Digital Literacy Levels of Managers

Aysun GÜÇLÜ — Fri, 14 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This research aimed to determine and evaluate the digital literacy perceptions of school administrators. The importance of digital technology in education is increasingly recognized, underscoring the need to understand the digital literacy levels of school leaders. The primary objective of the study was to identify and compare the digital literacy levels among school administrators. This descriptive study aimed to define the current situation and analyze a specific topic in detail. The study population consisted of 953 teachers residing in Küçükçekmece district, Istanbul, with a sample of 281 teachers selected through simple random sampling from various schools and disciplines within the district. Data for the study were collected online via Google Forms between april and may of the 2023-2024 academic year. This method provided an effective, efficient, and anonymous way of data collection. The collected data were analyzed using statistical methods to derive conclusions. The findings of the study indicate that overall, participants have a moderate level of digital literacy skills. There was no significant difference in digital literacy levels between male and female participants (t = -0.287, p = 0.603). Similarly, marital status did not significantly affect digital literacy levels (t = -0.783, p = 0.132). Analysis among different professional tenure groups also did not reveal statistically significant differences in digital literacy levels (t = 0.559, p = 0.643). Lastly, there was no statistically significant difference in digital literacy levels between participants with undergraduate and graduate education backgrounds (t = 1.706, p = 0.187).

Tax Burden, Inflation And Economic Growth: 1990-2022 Turkey Experience

Barış PEDİZ, Füsun YENİLMEZ — Fri, 14 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The term tax burden is used in various meanings in the literature. In the study, the term tax burden is used to express the concept of total tax burden. Tax burden can be calculated with two methods. In the first of the calculation methods, only tax revenues are taken into account, and in the second of the calculation methods, tax-like revenues are also taken into account in addition to tax revenues. The effect of tax burden on economic growth is quite important. Countries try to attract the amount of capital in the economic system by implementing policies related to tax incentives. For this reason, other countries can also implement policies in this direction in order to attract capital. In this study, the inflation variable was added to the model to investigate the relationship between economic growth and tax burden and the VAR (Vector Autoregression) model was used. While creating the model, ADF (Augmented Dickey-Fuller) and PP (Phillips-Perron) unit root tests were used to measure the stationarity levels of the variables. After testing whether or not there was a unit root as a result of the tests, Granger causality analysis was applied to determine the causality between the variables and impulse-response analysis was applied to examine the effects. When the results are examined, it is revealed that tax policies have a critical role in the economic growth process and are shaped in interaction with inflation. In this context, it is concluded that tax burden and price stability should be managed in a balanced way while designing sustainable growth policies.

Examination of Psychological Resilıence Levels of Middle and High School Students in Terms of Some Variables

Aysu BAYRAM SAPTIR — Fri, 14 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This study aimed to examine the psychological resilience levels of middle school and high school students in terms of variables such as class level, gender, number of siblings, parental loss, and income level. A total of 857 students studying in the center of Balıkesir participated in the research. Data were collected using the Child and Adolescent Psychological Resilience Scale and a Personal Information Form, and the analyses were conducted using the Independent Samples t-Test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Analysis. The findings indicate that high school students have higher levels of psychological resilience compared to middle school students, and that psychological resilience increases with age. Regarding the gender variable, it was found that female students possess higher levels of psychological resilience than their male counterparts. While no significant relationship was found between the number of siblings and psychological resilience, students who experienced parental loss showed lower levels of psychological resilience compared to those with both parents alive. In terms of income level, students from the high-income group demonstrated significantly higher psychological resilience scores than those from the low-income group. These findings reveal that psychological resilience is influenced by both individual and environmental factors. Based on the study's results, it is recommended that programs aimed at strengthening stress management, emotion regulation, and social support mechanisms for students be implemented. Moreover, developing supportive interventions for low-income students and those who have experienced parental loss could be an important step in enhancing their psychological resilience.

Challenges, Strategies, and The Impact of Experience on Classroom Management df Primary School Teachers

Mehmet KARAKUŞ , Safiye İNCE KARAKUŞ — Fri, 14 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This study examines the challenges faced by primary school teachers in classroom management, the strategies they use to handle these challenges, the additional difficulties encountered when working with inclusive students and those from diverse socio-cultural backgrounds, the collaboration between teachers, school administration, and parents, and the impact of teaching experience on classroom management skills. It was found that teachers most frequently encounter issues such as attention deficits, discipline problems, and lack of responsibility among students. To address these challenges, teachers employ strategies such as positive reinforcement, establishing clear rules, providing individual guidance, organizing the classroom environment, and fostering social skills. Working with inclusive students presents challenges related to lesson comprehension, social adaptation, and peer bullying. Teachers strive to maintain discipline through collaboration with school administrators and parents, and it was observed that they become more proficient in classroom management as they gain experience. The findings suggest that effective classroom management requires student-centered approaches, consistent implementation of discipline, and ongoing professional development support for teachers.

The Mediatıng Role of Self-Determination in the Effect of Psychological Empowerment on Job Satısfaction and Well-Being

Yasemin DERDİN , Kamil UNUR — Fri, 14 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The tourism sector is a labor-intensive sector and the psychological state of hotel employees effect in business success. The purpose of this study is to reveal the mediating role basic psychological needs satisfaction, one of the self-determination theories, in the effect of psychological empowerment on job satisfaction and psychological well-being in hotel employees. The sub-purpose of the study is to reveal whether psychological empowerment and basic psychological needs satisfaction affect job satisfaction and psychological well-being. The research was designed as a relational screening model. Data were collected from 487 hotel employees by survey from city hotels in Gaziantep, Adana and Mersin provinces with the convenience sampling method. According to the slingshot analysis; 76 data were determined as extreme values and were deleted and analyses were conducted with the data obtained from 411 surveys. The research data showed a normal distribution. In the research, effect and mediation analyses were conducted in the statistical program. According to the analysis results; basic psychological needs satisfaction is a partial mediator in the effect of psychological empowerment on job satisfaction. Basic psychological needs satisfaction is a full mediator in the effect of psychological empowerment on psychological well-being. An interesting finding in the study was that as the level of competence, one of the dimensions of psychological empowerment, increases, job satisfaction of employees decreases.

The Role and Capacity of Public Institutions in Disaster Management

Özkan ALTINKESEN — Fri, 14 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Disaster management is a comprehensive process carried out through the collaboration of public institutions, local governments, and non-governmental organizations to minimize the effects of natural and human-induced disasters. This process includes pre-disaster preparedness, emergency response, and post-disaster recovery phases. Strengthening inter-agency coordination is a cornerstone of effective disaster management. Enhancing the disaster management capacity of public institutions, improving early warning systems, and establishing rapid response mechanisms are crucial. However, challenges such as resource limitations, lack of coordination, and low public awareness persist. To mitigate disaster risks, public-private sector collaboration, the use of digital technologies, and the widespread implementation of educational programs are essential. In conclusion, a multi-stakeholder approach should be adopted to enhance efficiency in disaster management, and the necessary infrastructure and regulatory adjustments should be made to ensure swift and organized action in times of crisis.

The Effects of The Developments in Europe And The Ottoman Empire in The Process Leading to The Industrial Revolution on The Establishment of The Tulumba Ocağı

Yıldırım DURSUN — Fri, 14 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0300

In England, where the industrial revolution, one of the most important processes in human history, took place, social, economic and political developments were experienced in the 17th and 18th centuries while reaching this stage. Wars between European states and England's internal turmoil created a dynamic in the process leading to the industrial revolution. European states and societies started to shape the modern state structure by keeping up with the changing age and making reforms in every field. While these developments were taking place in the West, in the Ottoman Empire, there was a struggle for the preservation of the existing structure rather than a transformation. With this understanding, traditional methods have been preserved even in agriculture, which constitutes a large part of its economy. Rather than war spoils and taxes taken from conquered places, which are another major income denominator, it is no longer able to provide benefits at the desired level due to the fact that it has reached its natural borders in terms of geography. The development of machines that provide more production with less labor and the colonial wealth that they brought to their countries from all over the world with geographical discoveries also caused the Ottoman Empire to be left behind as a capital accumulation. However, by reacting to the events in Europe, in the period of Ahmed III, innovations were made in the western sense for the first time, and regulations were made in the economy and social life. One of the main innovations is the establishment of the Tulumba Ocağı. Depending on the conditions of the period, the developments in Europe and Istanbul paved the way for the birth of an institution.

The Mediating Role of Alexithymia in the Relationship Between Childhood Traumas and Dissociation

Halime BAŞEĞMEZ — Fri, 14 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of childhood trauma on dissociation and the mediating role of alexithymia in this relationship. Data from 508 participants aged 25-55 living in Istanbul were collected and analyzed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAÖ). Data were analyzed using SPSS 26.00 and Hayes' PROCESS macro. The research findings showed that childhood trauma significantly increased the perception of trauma (β = 0.25, p < 0.01). However, the direct effect of childhood trauma on dissociation was not found to be significant (β = -0.05, p = 0.09). In contrast, the effect of alexithymia on dissociation was strong and significant (β = 0.36, p < 0.01), while indirect effects revealed that alexithymia played a critical mediating role in this relationship (β = 0.09, 95% CI [0.06, 0.13]). When sociodemographic variables were examined, marital status, family structure, and psychiatric disorder diagnosis were found to have significant effects on dissociation. These findings indicate that the effect of childhood trauma on dissociation cannot be explained by a direct relationship, but that alexithymia plays an important mediating role in this process. The study makes an important contribution to understanding the long-term psychological effects of childhood trauma; it indicates that psychotherapeutic interventions, especially those that develop emotional awareness and regulation skills, may be effective in reducing dissociation symptoms.

On Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Case Report

Beyzanur ÖZDEMİR, Meryem KARAAZİZ — Fri, 14 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The aim is to minimize the problems that strain and negatively affect the life of an individual with obsessive compulsive disorder with cognitive behavioral therapy. Drug treatment and cognitive behavioral therapy are frequently used in obsessive compulsive disorder. In this case report, the treatment of a 32-year-old woman diagnosed with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder with cognitive behavioral therapy method is discussed in detail. The client's obsessive compulsive symptoms manifest themselves on cleaning. During the therapy, understanding the client's cognitive structure and working on obsessions related to cleaning were among the main goals. In the first stages of the treatment, efforts were made to strengthen the therapeutic relationship and structure the process. Later, cognitive restructuring and relaxation exercises were applied. During the 8-session treatment, it was aimed for the client to understand his symptoms, eliminate the symptoms and increase functionality. CBT provided positive results for the person diagnosed with OCD after 8 sessions. Studies conducted in Türkiye on cognitive behavioral therapy and Obsessive compulsive disorder are not sufficient, more studies should be conducted.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder and Intimate Relationships

Melike Hatun SERTBAŞ, Meryem KARAAZİZ — Fri, 14 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The main objective of this study is to examine narcissistic personality structure and tendencies towards close relationships. It addresses the relationship between attitudes and behaviors in relationships, communication with romantic partners, relationship patterns and narcissism and psychological abuse. It is known that narcissism is a very old concept that has preserved itself from the past to the present. It is known that it is a common subject in romantic relationships and has become one of the current problems of our age. It is known that narcissism is a theme that has attracted increasing attention and has been examined in the literature in recent years. The connection between narcissism and romantic relationships is considered as another important topic worth investigating. With this aim, the current literature is first reviewed and the terms narcissism, narcissistic personality disorder and manipulation are defined. The general results of the literature research draw attention to the strong relationship between narcissism and manipulative behavior in romantic relationships. It then examines the most common manipulation methods used by the narcissist, the three specific stages of a narcissistic relationship, the common emotions experienced by partners in narcissistic romantic relationships, and how the relationship with the narcissist is maintained.

Systematic Review on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and CBT

Dilara AVCI, Meryem KARAAZİZ — Fri, 14 Mar 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This study aims to investigate the application of CBT therapy in individuals experiencing PTSD. The study was conducted using a regular compilation method. No on-site field study was conducted and no measurement tools were used. The reviewed studies were conducted in Turkish and English between 2015 and 2021. These studies consist of randomized controlled trials. The systematic review was conducted in two stages in March 2025 and May 2025. As a result of the literature review, a total of eight studies were included. The results of these eight studies showed that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy restored functionality by changing negative emotional and thought patterns. It was found that after CBT therapy was applied, symptoms in individuals with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder were significantly reduced and in some cases completely disappeared. For this reason, CBT therapy is a frequently used method in the treatment of PTSD.