IKSAD JOURNAL

Examining the Problems Experienced by Teachers in Classroom Management Processes

Fatih GÜÇLÜSAN — Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This study was conducted using the descriptive survey model to identify the problems teachers face in classroom management processes. The study group consisted of 113 teachers working in Aksaray during the 2024–2025 academic year. Data were collected using the "Classroom Management Skills Scale" developed by Demir (2018) and analyzed through the SPSS 22 program.

According to the findings, teachers' perceptions of classroom management did not differ significantly based on gender. However, a significant difference was observed based on educational status, with postgraduate teachers demonstrating more positive perceptions. No statistically significant differences were found in classroom management perceptions according to age or professional seniority. These results suggest that educational level plays a more determining role in shaping classroom management skills than age or experience.

In conclusion, efforts to improve classroom management skills should be based more on educational development rather than demographic factors such as gender, age, or seniority. Increasing participation in in-service training and postgraduate programs may enhance teachers’ competencies in classroom management.

Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: A Case Report

Esma KATIRCIOĞLU, Meryem KARAAZİZ — Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The purpose of this case report is to introduce and explain the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) process applied to a 25-year-old male client diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) according to DSM-V diagnostic criteria, and to reveal the effects of this treatment process on the client. The therapy process with the client was started with psychoeducation, and in the following stages, T.A.T. (Thematic Apperception Test) was applied. Different types of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy techniques were applied to the client during the therapy process, focusing on the client's cognitive distortions, non-positive thought patterns and judgments. The client's non-positive thought mechanisms and attitudes were structured through the therapy process. During Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, a decrease in the client's current anxiety level, a positive development in stress management skills, and in developing more functional and positive thought patterns in negative beliefs and stereotypes were observed. CBT, as an effective method in treating Generalized Anxiety Disorder, reduced the client's anxiety level, changed their thinking patterns and increased their functionality. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy should be used more widely in clinical practices as a basic therapy school in individuals diagnosed with GAD; it can be used especially in early interventions to achieve more effective results in the therapeutic process.

The Relationship Between Self-Disclosure and Emotion Regulation and Expression in Young Adults

Berat AKKAYA, Ayşe BURAN — Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between self-disclosure and emotion regulation and emotion expression in young adults. Relational model, one of the quantitative research methods, was adopted in the study. The population of the study consists of young adult individuals living in Turkey and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). The sample was determined using random sampling method and consisted of 384 participants aged 18 and over. In the data collection process, the participants were administered the Sociodemographic Information Form, Self-Disclosure Scale, Emotion Regulation Skills Scale and Emotion Expression Scale. According to the findings of the study, significant positive relationships were found between the level of self-disclosure and the level of emotion expression, impulse strength and concealment. When the relationships between sub-dimensions were evaluated, it was determined that there was a significant positive relationship between the control sub-dimension of self-disclosure level and the concealment sub-dimension of emotion expression. However, no statistically significant relationship was found between self-disclosure level and its sub-dimensions and emotion regulation skills level and its sub-dimensions. Similarly, no significant relationship was found between the level of emotion expression and its sub-dimensions and the level of emotion regulation skills and its sub-dimensions. In line with the results of the analysis, it was revealed that the level of self-disclosure and its sub-dimensions (intention, amount, honesty, control) did not significantly predict the level of emotional expression. In the light of the findings, in order to examine the lack of relationship between individuals' self-disclosure levels and emotion regulation skills in more detail, it is recommended that future studies should be conducted on different sample groups and especially the effect of cultural factors on these variables should be evaluated.

Investıgatıon of The Relatıonshıp Between Solutıon-Focused Approach and Automatıc Thoughts and Rumınatıve Thought Styles in Adult Indıvıduals

Senanur DEMİR , Ayşe BURAN — Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This study investigates the relationship between solution-focused approach, automatic thoughts, and ruminative thought styles in adult individuals. Data were collected from 388 participants aged 18 and older across Turkey. Participants completed the Solution-Focused Inventory, Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, and Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire. The findings revealed significant negative correlations between the solution-focused approach and both automatic and ruminative thoughts. Furthermore, specific sub-dimensions of the solution-focused approach significantly predicted levels of ruminative thinking. These results emphasize the importance of solution-focused interventions in enhancing psychological well-being.

Enhancing Capital Structure to Impact Profitability: The Case of Software Industry

Jona PUCI, Anisa SKRAQI, Martina KODRA — Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Capital structure choices have become progressively crucial for businesses in the rapidly devolving software industry. This study examines the impact of capital structure within the software field using a panel data model. The research includes data from 22 firms over the period 2013-2022 obtained from annual reports. The regression analysis is built with four independent variables (assets, debt-assets ratio, debt-equity ratio, and age) and one dependent variable, Return on Assets. The outcomes show that all selected regressors are statistically significant, but only assets and the debt-to-assets, and debt-to-equity ratio have the expected direction. The results highlight the importance of avoiding generalized approaches to capital structure decisions, urging firms instead to conduct exhaustive valuations of the costs and benefits associated with different capital sources. This tactical approach can help managers guarantee profitability in their operations.

A Review on Cigarette Addiction Anxiety and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Dilara KONCAK, Meryem KARAAZİZ — Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This study discusses how individuals tend to develop interest andcuriosity in various topics throughout their lives, but sometimes thisinterest can evolve into addiction. Tobacco and smoking addiction, in particular, are among such dependencies that have serious physicaland psychological effects. Smoking, due to its nicotine content, has a strong addictive impact and has been scientifically proven to lead tonumerous health problems, including lung cancer, heart diseases, andother related issues. Smoking addiction usually starts duringadolescence and is shaped by environmental factors, socialinteractions, and psychological conditions.

Nicotine in cigarette smoke triggers the release of neurotransmitterslike dopamine in the brain, reinforcing addictive behaviors. Tobaccoaddiction, especially when it starts at a young age, can lead to theearly onset of health problems. Despite the well-known harmfuleffects of tobacco products, overcoming the addiction remainsdifficult. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) can be effective in combating smoking addiction by helping individuals change theirthought patterns and develop skills to cope with situations that triggersmoking. CBT can increase the success rate of smoking cessation.

In conclusion, smoking addiction is a serious public health issue, andusing cognitive and behavioral methods is crucial for individuals toeffectively combat this addiction.

Analysis of Circular Fashion within The Scope of The Basic Components of Circularity

Nezahat ÇETİN — Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The speed at which the fashion sector uses natural resources and the damage it causes to our blue planet is increasing every day. This situation has made it urgent and important to identify, plan, implement and develop in detail the methods, processes and activities related to circularity in fashion. Directing change towards circular fashion requires the rapid transformation of every linear process, transaction and activity into a circular one. The contribution of circularity to creating circular fashion can be achieved by correctly and effectively structuring the concept. This study was conducted to analyze circular fashion within the scope of the basic components of circularity (Basic principles, Aims and Facilitators). Descriptive analysis technique was used in the study. As a result of the study; basic principles, aims and objectives, and facilitators in circular fashion were determined. Basic principles include reduction, sustainable and circular production, innovative business models, durability, longevity, use of renewable and sustainable materials, reuse, eco-design, sustainability, waste prevention, recycling, renewable energy, etc. Priority issues in the goals and objectives can be stated as stopping global warming, reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, eliminating waste and pollution, sustainable development, using resources more efficiently, and producing better. The primary facilitating factors are designers, manufacturers, consumers, policies, business models and technology. It has been determined that a common design approach is important for designers and that extended producer responsibility (EPR) practices should be expanded for manufacturers. Comprehensive education and awareness activities for consumers, including the environmental and social impacts of the product, have emerged as one of the essential issues. Ayrıca, “karbon vergisi”, EPR, “kirleten öder”, “attıkça öde” gibi politika araçlarının uygulanabilirliklerinin yaygınlaşması gerektiği tespit edilmiştir. It has been determined that it is important to implement circular business models specifically for the product and to develop technology for its intended use with applications such as digitalization and artificial intelligence.

E-Learning Innovations & Gender Responsive Pedagogy

Chayanika UNIYAL, Amna MIRZA — Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This work attempts to explore the intersection between e-learning innovations and gender-responsive pedagogy, examining how modern digital tools and technologies in education can enhance learning experiences while promoting gender equity. The research delves into the role of e-learning platforms, digital pedagogical tools, and online classrooms in creating gender-sensitive learning environments. It highlights the importance of ensuring that educational strategies are inclusive, actively addressing gender disparities that persist in traditional education settings.

The study draws on UN reports, academic research, and global case studies to assess the effectiveness of gender-responsive e-learning innovations. Furthermore, the essay underscores the need for teachers, curriculum designers, and policymakers to integrate gender equity principles into digital learning frameworks. By fostering an inclusive e-learning landscape, the paper argues that education systems can empower underrepresented and marginalized groups, particularly women and girls. Additionally, the analysis touches on key challenges, such as the digital divide and access issues, and how these affect gender parity in e-learning contexts. The findings are relevant to educators, policymakers, and organizations that aim to promote gender equality through education in the digital age.

The Impact of Economic Variables on Foreign Currency Loans in Albania. Evidence from 2002-2023

Leonard BODURI, Fabian PJETRI, Irsa LILA — Tue, 24 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

This study examines the macroeconomic determinants of foreign currency loans (FCL) in Albania from 2002 to 2023, a period marked by significant financial euroization. Utilizing time-series analysis, including correlation, regression, vector autoregression (VAR), and Granger causality tests, we assess the impact of GDP growth, inflation, price level ratio (PLR), foreign direct investment (FDI), remittances, and trade balance on FCL. Our findings reveal that while initial correlation analyses indicated strong associations between FCL and remittances, as well as the trade balance, these relationships did not translate into significant causal effects in regression and VAR models. Specifically, lagged values of FCL and inflation were the only significant predictors of current FCL in the VAR model. Granger Causality Tests further confirmed the absence of significant causal relationships between FCL and the examined macroeconomic variables, with a marginal indication that past FCL values may influence FDI. This suggests that the dynamics of FCL in Albania are primarily driven by its own past values and inflation, rather than direct impacts from other macroeconomic factors. The results highlight the complexity of predicting FCL in a highly euroized economy and underscore the need for nuanced policy approaches to manage exchange rate risks and ensure financial stability.

A Reviw On Postpartum Depression

Leyla KORTAK, Meryem KARAAZİZ — Thu, 26 Jun 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant mood disorder that can begin at any time during the first year after birth and affects approximately 10-15% of women who give birth. PPD, which carries a high risk of morbidity and even mortality, can negatively affect the emotional, social and cognitive health of not only the mother, but also the baby, the mother-baby relationship and the entire family. Postpartum depression (PPD) symptoms usually begin in the first 4 weeks after birth and can last up to 1 year. The main symptoms are: Anger, rage, lack of interest in the baby, feelings of guilt, distraction, changes in sleep and appetite, Decreased interest in social activities and sexuality, Depressed mood, malaise, thoughts of worthlessness, intense anxiety, Difficulty concentrating, suicidal thoughts. Factors such as low social support, economic problems, past psychiatric history and unplanned pregnancy increase the risk of depression. As the level of depression increases, parenting functions and life satisfaction are reduced. The study emphasizes the importance of psychological support services in the postpartum period and recommends training health workers for regular psychological assessment and early diagnosis. In addition, raising awareness of families and spouses about emotional support for the mother is considered a protective measure. Ultimately, postpartum depression is not an individual problem, but a public health problem with social and family dimensions, and therefore multidisciplinary support is required.