IKSAD JOURNAL

Risk Assessment and Control Activities in Three Different Pharmacy Businesses in Kayseri Province

Tolga POLAT — 2025-03-14

One of the working environments that pose a significant risk to the health and safety of employees is pharmacies, which are healthcare institutions. Insured employees in pharmacies face physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, environmental and psychosocial hazards and risks in the working environment. On the other hand, these risks cause a decrease in the productivity of pharmacy employees and increase work accidents and occupational diseases. This negatively affects the safety of both pharmacy employees and patients. Therefore, in order to create a healthy and safe working environment, it is important to create a suitable working environment within the framework of occupational health and safety legislation.

In the study, the hazards identified as a result of the observations and controls carried out on three different pharmacies and the risk elements that may arise from these hazards were determined through the checklists published by the ministry, and necessary studies were carried out on the current situations.

Examining the Digital Literacy Levels of Managers

Aysun GÜÇLÜ — 2025-03-14

This research aimed to determine and evaluate the digital literacy perceptions of school administrators. The importance of digital technology in education is increasingly recognized, underscoring the need to understand the digital literacy levels of school leaders. The primary objective of the study was to identify and compare the digital literacy levels among school administrators. This descriptive study aimed to define the current situation and analyze a specific topic in detail. The study population consisted of 953 teachers residing in Küçükçekmece district, Istanbul, with a sample of 281 teachers selected through simple random sampling from various schools and disciplines within the district. Data for the study were collected online via Google Forms between april and may of the 2023-2024 academic year. This method provided an effective, efficient, and anonymous way of data collection. The collected data were analyzed using statistical methods to derive conclusions. The findings of the study indicate that overall, participants have a moderate level of digital literacy skills. There was no significant difference in digital literacy levels between male and female participants (t = -0.287, p = 0.603). Similarly, marital status did not significantly affect digital literacy levels (t = -0.783, p = 0.132). Analysis among different professional tenure groups also did not reveal statistically significant differences in digital literacy levels (t = 0.559, p = 0.643). Lastly, there was no statistically significant difference in digital literacy levels between participants with undergraduate and graduate education backgrounds (t = 1.706, p = 0.187).

Tax Burden, Inflation And Economic Growth: 1990-2022 Turkey Experience

Barış PEDİZ — 2025-03-14

The term tax burden is used in various meanings in the literature. In the study, the term tax burden is used to express the concept of total tax burden. Tax burden can be calculated with two methods. In the first of the calculation methods, only tax revenues are taken into account, and in the second of the calculation methods, tax-like revenues are also taken into account in addition to tax revenues. The effect of tax burden on economic growth is quite important. Countries try to attract the amount of capital in the economic system by implementing policies related to tax incentives. For this reason, other countries can also implement policies in this direction in order to attract capital. In this study, the inflation variable was added to the model to investigate the relationship between economic growth and tax burden and the VAR (Vector Autoregression) model was used. While creating the model, ADF (Augmented Dickey-Fuller) and PP (Phillips-Perron) unit root tests were used to measure the stationarity levels of the variables. After testing whether or not there was a unit root as a result of the tests, Granger causality analysis was applied to determine the causality between the variables and impulse-response analysis was applied to examine the effects. When the results are examined, it is revealed that tax policies have a critical role in the economic growth process and are shaped in interaction with inflation. In this context, it is concluded that tax burden and price stability should be managed in a balanced way while designing sustainable growth policies.

Examination of Psychological Resilıence Levels of Middle and High School Students in Terms of Some Variables

Aysu BAYRAM SAPTIR — 2025-03-14

This study aimed to examine the psychological resilience levels of middle school and high school students in terms of variables such as class level, gender, number of siblings, parental loss, and income level. A total of 857 students studying in the center of Balıkesir participated in the research. Data were collected using the Child and Adolescent Psychological Resilience Scale and a Personal Information Form, and the analyses were conducted using the Independent Samples t-Test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Analysis. The findings indicate that high school students have higher levels of psychological resilience compared to middle school students, and that psychological resilience increases with age. Regarding the gender variable, it was found that female students possess higher levels of psychological resilience than their male counterparts. While no significant relationship was found between the number of siblings and psychological resilience, students who experienced parental loss showed lower levels of psychological resilience compared to those with both parents alive. In terms of income level, students from the high-income group demonstrated significantly higher psychological resilience scores than those from the low-income group. These findings reveal that psychological resilience is influenced by both individual and environmental factors. Based on the study's results, it is recommended that programs aimed at strengthening stress management, emotion regulation, and social support mechanisms for students be implemented. Moreover, developing supportive interventions for low-income students and those who have experienced parental loss could be an important step in enhancing their psychological resilience.

Challenges, Strategies, and The Impact of Experience on Classroom Management df Primary School Teachers

Mehmet KARAKUŞ — 2025-03-14

This study examines the challenges faced by primary school teachers in classroom management, the strategies they use to handle these challenges, the additional difficulties encountered when working with inclusive students and those from diverse socio-cultural backgrounds, the collaboration between teachers, school administration, and parents, and the impact of teaching experience on classroom management skills. It was found that teachers most frequently encounter issues such as attention deficits, discipline problems, and lack of responsibility among students. To address these challenges, teachers employ strategies such as positive reinforcement, establishing clear rules, providing individual guidance, organizing the classroom environment, and fostering social skills. Working with inclusive students presents challenges related to lesson comprehension, social adaptation, and peer bullying. Teachers strive to maintain discipline through collaboration with school administrators and parents, and it was observed that they become more proficient in classroom management as they gain experience. The findings suggest that effective classroom management requires student-centered approaches, consistent implementation of discipline, and ongoing professional development support for teachers.

The Mediatıng Role of Self-Determination in the Effect of Psychological Empowerment on Job Satısfaction and Well-Being

Yasemin DERDİN — 2025-03-14

The tourism sector is a labor-intensive sector and the psychological state of hotel employees effect in business success. The purpose of this study is to reveal the mediating role basic psychological needs satisfaction, one of the self-determination theories, in the effect of psychological empowerment on job satisfaction and psychological well-being in hotel employees. The sub-purpose of the study is to reveal whether psychological empowerment and basic psychological needs satisfaction affect job satisfaction and psychological well-being. The research was designed as a relational screening model. Data were collected from 487 hotel employees by survey from city hotels in Gaziantep, Adana and Mersin provinces with the convenience sampling method. According to the slingshot analysis; 76 data were determined as extreme values and were deleted and analyses were conducted with the data obtained from 411 surveys. The research data showed a normal distribution. In the research, effect and mediation analyses were conducted in the statistical program. According to the analysis results; basic psychological needs satisfaction is a partial mediator in the effect of psychological empowerment on job satisfaction. Basic psychological needs satisfaction is a full mediator in the effect of psychological empowerment on psychological well-being. An interesting finding in the study was that as the level of competence, one of the dimensions of psychological empowerment, increases, job satisfaction of employees decreases.

The Role and Capacity of Public Institutions in Disaster Management

Özkan ALTINKESEN — 2025-03-14

Disaster management is a comprehensive process carried out through the collaboration of public institutions, local governments, and non-governmental organizations to minimize the effects of natural and human-induced disasters. This process includes pre-disaster preparedness, emergency response, and post-disaster recovery phases. Strengthening inter-agency coordination is a cornerstone of effective disaster management. Enhancing the disaster management capacity of public institutions, improving early warning systems, and establishing rapid response mechanisms are crucial. However, challenges such as resource limitations, lack of coordination, and low public awareness persist. To mitigate disaster risks, public-private sector collaboration, the use of digital technologies, and the widespread implementation of educational programs are essential. In conclusion, a multi-stakeholder approach should be adopted to enhance efficiency in disaster management, and the necessary infrastructure and regulatory adjustments should be made to ensure swift and organized action in times of crisis.